Rectifier Filter circuit and its numericals

 

Filter Circuits in Rectifiers




Rectifiers rely heavily on filter circuits to transform pulsing DC output into a more steady and even DC voltage. We shall examine filter circuit utilized in rectifiers in this article such as shunt capacitor filters. We shall examine their principles of operation, benefits, drawbacks, and effect on the output voltage. Now let's get started and learn more about rectifier filter circuits.

Introduction to Filter Circuits

The result of utilizing rectifiers to convert AC voltage to DC voltage is a pulsing DC waveform with undesired AC components known as ripples. Electronic circuits that depend on a steady DC voltage may suffer as a result of these disturbances. Filter circuits are used to eliminate the AC components and produce a consistent and smooth DC output in order to get around this problem.

Capacitors, resistors, and inductors are some of the parts that are used to build filter circuits. Every element has certain qualities of its own that aid in the filtration process. For instance, inductors filter out AC impulses and only permit DC components to go through. Conversely, capacitors permit AC to flow through while blocking DC. We can create filter circuits that efficiently eliminate ripples from the rectifier output by carefully combining these parts.

The Basic Diagram of a Power Supply is as below:

A Full wave rectifier with Capacitor input Filter:

The Capacitor Filter Output with Full wave rectifier will be:


During the application of Input supply, the capacitor gets charged through the forward biased diode D1 to Esm during the period of 0 to pi/2 from (O to A). In the next quarter of pi/2 to pi i.e. (A to B) the diode becomes off as the cathode side of diode is having more voltage than the anode side (Reverse Biased) and the capacitor starts discharging through RL. In the quarter 3pi/2 to 2pi, the input voltage exceeds the capacitor voltage which results the charging of capacitor to Esm again from point B to C.


Ripple Voltage and Ripple Factor when Capacitor Input Filter is used:

Ripple Voltage: The slight variation or ripple in the output voltage that persists after the AC input has been converted to DC is referred to as the ripple voltage in the context of a rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit's filter capacitor(s) charging and discharging are the main causes of the voltage ripple. Typically, it is stated as a percentage of the DC output voltage or in volts (V).

Ripple Factor: The ripple factor is a measure of the effectiveness of the rectifier circuit in reducing the ripple voltage. It is defined as the ratio of the root mean square (RMS) value of the ripple voltage to the DC output voltage.










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